Sunlight is an essential element for life on Earth. While it provides us with vitamin D and a sense of well-being, it also has a dark side, as prolonged and unprotected exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can have detrimental effects on our skin. We talked with Dr. Adam Wallach, Board-Certified Dermatologist at Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute, to explore the ill effects of sunlight, specifically focusing on its role in developing skin cancer and premature aging. Understanding these risks is crucial for adopting sun-safe practices and maintaining healthy, youthful skin.

Q: What is the connection between sunlight and skin cancer?

UV rays, or ultraviolet rays, are a type of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. They fall into three categories based on their wavelengths: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC rays are mostly absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and do not reach the surface. UVA and UVB rays, however, can penetrate the atmosphere and impact the health of our skin.

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UVB rays have shorter wavelengths and affect the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis. They are the primary cause of sunburn. Over time, the damage caused by UVB rays can lead to mutations in the DNA of skin cells, increasing the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma.

On the other hand, UVA rays have longer wavelengths and can penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, reaching the dermis. They are present with relatively equal intensity throughout the day and can pass through clouds and glass. UVA rays cause long-term damage to collagen and elastin fibers, but they also play a role in suppressing the immune system, making the skin more susceptible to damage and skin cancer.

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Q: Are there other ways to get UV radiation besides the sun?

Yes, we should be aware of various other sources of UV radiation. Some examples are UV nail curing lamps, plasma torches, bactericidal lamps, welding equipment, mercury lamps, and indoor tanning. At Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute, we advise our patients to avoid using any indoor tanning beds or booths. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, indoor tanning increases the risk of developing melanoma by 75% from just one indoor tanning session before age 35.

Q: How does sun exposure affect the aging of our skin?

Premature aging, often called photoaging, is another unwelcome consequence of excessive sun exposure, causing visible signs such as wrinkles, fine lines, age spots, and uneven skin tone. UV radiation damages collagen and elastin, proteins responsible for maintaining the skin’s structure and elasticity. As these fibers break down, the skin loses its ability to bounce back, leading to sagging and the formation of wrinkles.

Melanin, the pigment responsible for our skin color, acts as a natural defense against UV radiation by absorbing and scattering harmful rays. However, excessive sun exposure can overwhelm this defense mechanism, producing uneven melanin distribution, resulting in age spots or hyperpigmentation.

Q: What are the best protective measures to prevent the harmful effects of the sun?

It is worth noting that the effects of sun exposure are cumulative, meaning that even brief periods spent in the sun without protection can add up over time. Since we cannot avoid the sun altogether, it is essential to get into the habit of using sunscreen daily. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (protecting from both UVA and UVB rays) with an SPF of 30 or higher. You can also adopt sun-safe practices such as the ones recommended by the American Academy of Dermatology, which include wearing protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat to protect your face, seeking shade during peak hours, and wearing sunglasses with UV protection. Remember to reapply sunscreen regularly throughout the day, particularly if you are out on the lake, pool, beach, or exposed to sun for extended periods.

Q: If we start seeing premature aging signs on our skin, what are some ways to counteract those effects?

Some options available include chemical peels and microdermabrasion to improve the appearance of sun-damaged skin and the skin’s texture. Dermal fillers and BOTOX® Cosmetic are effective in counteracting fine lines and wrinkles. Different types of laser treatments help with many aspects of premature aging. Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute offers various treatments at the Truckee location to repair damaged skin using the Quanta EVO Light™ 4V.

Q: How does the Quanta EVO Light™ laser work to diminish the effects of the sun?

The Quanta EVO Light™ combines the functionality of multiple individual lasers. Multiple wavelengths target different skin depths to achieve better outcomes for various skin conditions. The Elluminate Treatment, in particular, is a four-layer facial rejuvenation laser treatment that effectively eliminates sun spots while stimulating collagen production to soften fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin texture significantly, all in one painless procedure.

If you are looking to take charge of your skin health and address any concerns related to premature aging, visit SkinCancerDerm.com now and book an appointment at any of our 11 convenient locations, including Truckee. Our team of experienced professionals is here to provide personalized care and guidance, ensuring your skin remains healthy and vibrant for years to come.

About Our Dermatology Provider

In private practice since 1997, Dr. Adam Wallach treats patients at Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute’s Truckee location. He diagnoses a full range of dermatologic problems for both adults and children and specializes in medical and cosmetic dermatology, including the use of various lasers over the last 25 years. He is a strong proponent of patient education in his practice and is a contributing author to the chapter on skin in the upcoming book, The 21^st Century Man. Dr. Wallach and his family live in the North Tahoe area. Get to know Dr. Wallach and book an appointment online here.

Your Greater Reno-Tahoe area Dermatology experts combine market-leading skin and patient care with the most advanced technology and lasers. Some of our locations include Carson City, Elko, Fallon, Reno, and Truckee. You can make an appointment online at SkinCancerDerm.com or by calling 770.324.0699.